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The Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) contributes to the
implementation of pro poor land policies to achieve
secure land rights for all. Read more...

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May 17th, 2012

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Facts
Key Land Acts to Hasten Reform in Kenya
On 2 May, 2012 the National Land Commission Act, Land Act and the Land Registration Act became operational following President Kibaki’s assent to the proposed bills by Parliament in line with Article 68 of the Constitution of Kenya. This new development marks a great milestone in fast-tracking land reforms in Kenya expected to facilitate the social, economic and political development of the country.
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Land Records for the Poor
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Land registration is not a neutral process. It usually aims to create “active” tenure security so that documented (“titled”) land can be managed in a formalized system. For poor people, the priority is “passive” tenure security so that they may avoid eviction or losing their right to the land. A “continuum of land recording” approach can develop into one that also increasingly supports “active” tenure security, but which begins the process from the more protective “passive” side.

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World Bank Conference nods to the continuum of land rights
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Annual World Bank Meeting
Photo © GLTN
The adoption of the continuum of land rights was one of the main highlights of the Annual World Bank Land Conference, held in Washington, 23-26 April 2012. In his remarks, Mr. Teo Cheehai, President of the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), underscored the need to move beyond the now widely known and accepted continuum of land rights concept and extend it to all facets of land systems. This would in practice translate into the continuum of technology, the continuum of approaches, the continuum land taxation, continuum of measurement, for instance, Mr. Cheehai noted. This, he said, would be the only way to make land systems, especially in developing countries, inclusive in order to address the realities of different sections of society.
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Handling Land
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Everyone has a relationship to land. It is an asset that, with its associated resources, allows its owner access to loans, to build their houses and to set up small businesses in cities. In rural areas, land is essential for livelihoods, subsistence and food security. However, land is a scarce resource governed by a wide range of rights and responsibilities. And not everyone’s right to land is secure.

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Monitoring Security of Tenure in Cities: People, Land and Policies
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This publication presents an innovative method to ascertain the extent to which security of tenure can be measured at three main levels. Targeting cities in developing countries, the methodological framework presented in this publication is entrusted in the concept of continuum of land rights where tenure can be realised at various levels: individual, household, settlement or community, city and national levels.

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InnovatIve Land and Property Taxation
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This publication is derived from a 2009 Conference in Warsaw, Poland. It presents the ways in which land and property taxation policies, legal frameworks, tools and approaches to sustainable urban development have been experimented with around the World. Its key finding is the prominent role that land-based financing and local authorities play at the core of urban development.

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India's Hindu Succession Act
The gender-bias intrinsic to India's inheritance laws was considered to be one of the main barriers to women equality and empowerment in the country. By limiting women's ability to inherit land, these laws severely constrained opportunities for women, limiting their access to assets, education and markets. Changes to inheritance legislation, by state-level amendments to the Hindu Succession Act, were seen to redress these inequalities by allowing women to inherit land, thus granting them access to social and economic spheres previously denied to them.

In addition to antiquated legislation, India's strong tradition of rural land administration faces serious challenges. Meeting these will be critical to allow well-functioning land markets to underpin the rapid structural change which India is currently undergoing. At the same time, the land registration system in urban areas shows serious defects that undermine urban growth and effective service provision. Likewise, the country is experimenting with models of e-governance that could show the way for other parts of the world.

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